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Currencies & Cryptocurrencies Knowledge Model

Overview

Currencies & Cryptocurrencies (display name: Currencies & Cryptocurrencies EN v#) is a document classification and information extraction model for English financial news and technical analyses that deal with currencies and cryptocurrencies.

Category tree

Possible categories are:

1000 (Currencies)
    1100 (Forex)
        1110 (Exchange rates)
        1120 (Interest rates)
        1130 (Currency markets)
            1131 (Spot currencies)
            1132 (Currency futures)
            1133 (Currency forwards)
            1134 (Currency swaps)
            1135 (Currency options)
2000 (Digital currencies)
    2100 (Central bank digital currencies)
    2200 (Cryptocurrencies)
        2210 (Cryptocurrency exchange)
        2220 (Cryptocurrency investing)

The taxonomy has two main categories, Currencies and Digital currencies.

The Currencies branch covers fiat currencies and has the Forex sub-category referring to the foreign exchange market for trading currencies. It categorizes the texts dealing with the foreign exchange trading or news. This category is further divided into the following sub-categories, related to the kind of possible markets within the Forex:

  • Exchange rates: value of one nation's currency versus the currency of another nation or economic zone. There can be different kinds of exchange rates within the domain of Forex. The exchange rates of currency pairs can be floating, pegged (fixed) or both, adopting a dual exchange rate. The value of a nation’s currency can also be determined to the value of a specific currency, by means of an agreement, but it can still float against the others.
  • Interest rates: refers to the amount a lender charges a borrower and is a percentage of the principal (the amount loaned). Within the Forex domain, it is governed by the equation of the Interest Rate Parity (IRP), according to the currency exchange rates.
  • Currency markets: refers to the available financial instruments within the Forex domain and it has the following categories:

    • Currency forwards, Currency futures, Currency swaps and Currency options, corresponding to so called derivatives, entail the exchange, sale or purchase of a currency on a future date.
    • Spot currencies: direct transactions at the current exchange rate.

The Digital currencies branch covers digital currencies, centralized or decentralized, that are available on the market. Sub-categories are:

  • Central bank digital currencies: centralized digital money issued by the central bank.
  • Cryptocurrencies: decentralized and crypted digital money. It is further divided into:
    • Cryptocurrency exchange for transactions involving exclusively cryptocurrencies.
    • Cryptocurrency investing for transactions involving the purchase of cryptocurrencies with fiat currencies.

Extraction groups and classes

Overview

The extraction section of the model predicts Forex or digital currency exchange information such as exchange rates, support and resistance levels, trends and chart patterns.
It can also extract information about cryptocurrency investment apps and Web sites and whether they are deemed safe or not.

Currency and cryptocurrency entities appear in texts both alone and in pairs, like in the following sentence:

GBP/JPY Price Analysis: Upside move awaits bullish cross breakout near 150.50.

For this reason, each extraction group apart from those related to apps and Web sites has three classes dedicated to currency extraction: the first is for currencies that are mentioned alone, the second and the third are for the left and the right currency in a pair, like GBP and JPY in the example above.

Classes in which percentage increments or decrements are extracted have a name ending in by.

For some groups there is a class in which the possible anaphor of a mentioned currency is extracted.

The following tables indicate the classes for each extraction group corresponding to trends, levels or chart patterns. The last column contains a link to an Investopedia article describing the indicator.

Fiat currencies

Group Currency (alone) Left currency in a pair Righ currency in a pair % increment/decrement Anaphor Trend, level or chart pattern the group refers to
CURRENCY_UPTREND currency_up currency_pair_up1 currency_pair_up2 up_by inference_up Uptrend
CURRENCY_DOWNTREND currency_down currency_pair_down1 currency_pair_down2 down_by inference_down Downtrend
CURRENCY_BREAKOUT_UP currency_bull currency_pair_bull1 currency_pair_bull2 Breakout up and breakup down
CURRENCY_BREAKOUT_DOWN fallen_currency fallen_pair_1 fallen_pair_2 Breakout up and breakup down
CURRENCY_OVERBOUGHT currency_overbought currency_pair_overbought1 currency_pair_overbought2 inference_overbought Overbought
CURRENCY_OVERSOLD currency_oversold currency_pair_oversold1 currency_pair_oversold2 inference_oversold Over-Selling
CURRENCY_SUPPORT currency_s currency_pair_s1 currency_pair_s2 inference_support Support (support level)
CURRENCY_RESISTANCE currency_r currency_pair_r1 currency_pair_r2 inference_resistance Resistance (resistance level)
CURRENCY_PULLBACK currency_pulledback currency_pair_pulledback1 currency_pair_pulledback2 inference_pullback Pullback
CURRENCY_REVERSAL currency_reversed currency_pair_reversed1 currency_pair_reversed2 inference_reversal Reversal
CURRENCY_GOLDEN_CROSS currency_gc currency_pair1_gc currency_pair2_gc inference_gc Golden Cross
CURRENCY_DEATH_CROSS currency_dc currency_pair1_dc currency_pair2_dc inference_dc Death Cross

Cryptocurrencies

Group Currency (alone) Left currency in a pair Righ currency in a pair % increment/decrement Anaphor Trend, level or chart pattern the group refers to
CRYPTO_UPTREND cryptocurrency_up cryptocurrency_pair_up1 cryptocurrency_pair_up2 increase_by c_inference_up Uptrend
CRYPTO_DOWNTREND cryptocurrency_down cryptocurrency_pair_down1 cryptocurrency_pair_down2 decrease_by c_inference_down Downtrend
CRYPTOCURRENCY_BREAKOUT_UP cryptocurrency_bull cryptocurrency_pair_bull1 cryptocurrency_pair_bull2 Breakout up and breakup down
CRYPTOCURRENCY_BREAKOUT_DOWN fallen_cryptocurrency fallen_crypto_pair_1 fallen_crypto_pair_2 Breakout up and breakup down
CRYPTO_OVERBOUGHT cryptocurrency_overbought cryptocurrency_pair_overbought1 cryptocurrency_pair_overbought2 c_inference_overbought Overbought
CRYPTO_OVERSOLD cryptocurrency_oversold cryptocurrency_pair_oversold1 cryptocurrency_pair_oversold2 c_inference_oversold Over-Selling
CRYPTO_SUPPORT cryptocurrency_s cryptocurrency_pair_s1 cryptocurrency_pair_s2 c_inference_support Support (support level)
CRYPTO_RESISTANCE cryptocurrency_r cryptocurrency_pair_r1 cryptocurrency_pair_r2 c_inference_resistance Resistance (resistance level)
CRYPTO_PULLBACK cryptocurrency_pulledback cryptocurrency_pair_pulledback1 cryptocurrency_pair_pulledback2 c_inference_pullback Pullback
CRYPTO_REVERSAL cryptocurrency_reversed cryptocurrency_pair_reversed1 cryptocurrency_pair_reversed2 c_inference_reversal Reversal
CRYPTO_GOLDEN_CROSS cryptocurrency_gc cryptocurrency_pair1_gc cryptocurrency_pair2_gc c_inference_gc Golden Cross
CRYPTO_DEATH_CROSS cryptocurrency_dc cryptocurrency_pair1_dc cryptocurrency_pair2_dc c_inference_dc Death Cross

Example:

The GBP/USD currency pair has fallen to test the pivotal 1.3600 area for the third time since July.

Extraction for group CURRENCY_DOWNTREND:

Class Value
currency_pair_down1 GBP
currency_pair_down2 USD

EXCHANGE_RATE

The EXCHANGE_RATE group is used to extract exchange rates of both fiat currencies and cryptocurrencies.
Its classes are:

Class Description
first_currency First fiat currency
second_currency Second fiat currency
first_cryptocurrency First cryptocurrency
second_cryptocurrency Second cryptocurrency
currency_rate Rate for fiat currencies
cryptocurrency_rate Rate for cryptocurrencies
exchange_rate_value Exchange rate value

Example:

At the time of writing, the GBP/JPY cross-currency pair is trading at 150.43.

Extraction record for the EXCHANGE_RATE group:

Class Value
first_currency GBP
second_currency JPY
exchange_rate_value 150.43

Apps and Web sites for cryptocurrencies

The INVESTING_APP_WEBSITE group extracts application or website names for cryptocurrency investment.
Its classes are:

Class Description
investing_app App name
investing_website Web site name

The CRYPTO_APP_SAFE group extracts names of applications or websites that are deemed safe for cryptocurrency investment.
Its classes are:

Class Description
app_safe App name
website_safe Web site name

The CRYPTO_APP_NOT_SAFE group extracts names of applications or websites that are deemed not safe for cryptocurrency investment.
Its classes are:

Class Description
app_not_safe App name
website_not_safe Web site name

Example:

Coinbase is considered one of the safest apps for trading cryptocurrencies.

Extraction record for the CRYPTO_APP_SAFE group:

Class Value
app_safe Coinbase

Output structure

The model output has the same structure as any other model and is affected by the functional options of the workflow block.
The peculiar parts of the output are the result of categorization, i.e. the categories array, and the result of information extraction, i.e. the extractions array.

Example

In this model's output, the template key corresponds to the concept of group and template fields correspond to classes.
A possible categorization output is:

"categories": [
    {
        "frequency": 22.12,
        "hierarchy": [
            "Currencies",
            "Forex"
        ],
        "id": "1100",
        "label": "Forex",
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "positions": [
            {
                "end": 556,
                "start": 551
            },
        ],
        "score": 290,
        "winner": true
    },
    {
        "frequency": 2.28,
        "hierarchy": [
            "Currencies",
            "Forex",
            "Exchange rates"
        ],
        "id": "1110",
        "label": "Exchange rates",
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "positions": [
            {
                "end": 211,
                "start": 204
            }
        ],
        "score": 30,
        "winner": true
    }
]

Extraction output can be like this:

"extractions": [
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "cryptocurrency_r",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 1860,
                        "start": 1853
                    }
                ],
                "value": "bitcoin"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "CRYPTO_RESISTANCE"
    },
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "cryptocurrency_up",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 1634,
                        "start": 1627
                    }
                ],
                "value": "bitcoin"
            },
            {
                "name": "increase_by",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 1617,
                        "start": 1614
                    }
                ],
                "value": "20%"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "CRYPTO_UPTREND"
    },
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "cryptocurrency_up",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 1860,
                        "start": 1853
                    }
                ],
                "value": "bitcoin"
            },
            {
                "name": "increase_by",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 1829,
                        "start": 1827
                    }
                ],
                "value": "6%"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "CRYPTO_UPTREND"
    },
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "currency_pair1_dc",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 278,
                        "start": 275
                    }
                ],
                "value": "EUR"
            },
            {
                "name": "currency_pair2_dc",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 282,
                        "start": 279
                    }
                ],
                "value": "USD"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "CURRENCY_DEATH_CROSS"
    },
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "currency_pair_down1",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 278,
                        "start": 275
                    }
                ],
                "value": "EUR"
            },
            {
                "name": "currency_pair_down2",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 282,
                        "start": 279
                    }
                ],
                "value": "USD"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "CURRENCY_DOWNTREND"
    },
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "first_currency",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 126,
                        "start": 123
                    }
                ],
                "value": "EUR"
            },
            {
                "name": "second_currency",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 130,
                        "start": 127
                    }
                ],
                "value": "USD"
            },
            {
                "name": "exchange_rate_value",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 211,
                        "start": 204
                    }
                ],
                "value": "1.19087"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "EXCHANGE_RATE"
    },
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "first_currency",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 278,
                        "start": 275
                    }
                ],
                "value": "EUR"
            },
            {
                "name": "second_currency",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 282,
                        "start": 279
                    }
                ],
                "value": "USD"
            },
            {
                "name": "exchange_rate_value",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 320,
                        "start": 313
                    }
                ],
                "value": "1.16026"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "EXCHANGE_RATE"
    },
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "currency_rate",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 126,
                        "start": 123
                    }
                ],
                "value": "EUR"
            },
            {
                "name": "exchange_rate_value",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 211,
                        "start": 204
                    }
                ],
                "value": "1.19087"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "EXCHANGE_RATE"
    },
    {
        "fields": [
            {
                "name": "currency_rate",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 278,
                        "start": 275
                    }
                ],
                "value": "EUR"
            },
            {
                "name": "exchange_rate_value",
                "positions": [
                    {
                        "end": 320,
                        "start": 313
                    }
                ],
                "value": "1.16026"
            }
        ],
        "namespace": "currencies_en",
        "template": "EXCHANGE_RATE"
    }
]

Note

If you are familiar with Platform extraction projects, the template key in this model's output corresponds to the concept of group and template fields correspond to classes.